List of Publications by Backwater Principal (Funk), by Theme

Marine and Freshwater Biology

Freshwater Ecology

• Werner, E.E., D.J. Hall, D.R. Laughlin, D.J. Wagner, L.A. Wilsmann and F.C. Funk 1977. Habitat partitioning in a freshwater fish community. Journ. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34(3):360‑370. https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/f77-058#.Xf-4X0N7nVM     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Migration of Bering Sea Herring

• Tojo, Naoki, Gordon Kruse, and Fritz Funk. 2007. Migration dynamics of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and response to spring environmental variability in the southeastern Bering Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography 54(23-26):2832-2848. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222514705_Migration_dynamics_of_Pacific_herring_Clupea_pallasii_and_response_to_spring_environmental_variability_in_the_southeastern_Bering_Sea     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. Ed. 1991. Migration of Bering Sea Herring and the Status of Herring Stocks at Nelson and Nunivak Islands. Regional Information Report 5J91-05 Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1991.05.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F., K. Rowell, and D. Schmidt. 1991. Summary of Bering Sea Herring Stock Identification and Migration Studies. Pp 1-13 in: Funk, F, ed. 1991. Overview of Bering Sea Herring Migration, Stock Status, and Commercial Fisheries. Regional Information Report 5J91-13. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1991.13.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. 1990. Migration of Pacific herring in the eastern Bering Sea as inferred from 1983-88 joint venture and foreign observer information. Regional Information Report 5J90-04, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1990.04.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. C., and G. J. Sandone. 1990. Migration of eastern Bering Sea herring, as inferred from 1983-1988 joint venture and foreign trawl bycatch rates. Pages 332-341 [In] A compilation of papers presented in the international symposium on Bering Sea fisheries, compiled for interim use by the Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, Washington. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/CFPP.026.Funk.1990.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Age and Growth

• O'Connell, V.M., and F.C. Funk 1987. Age and growth of yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) landed in southeastern Alaska, p. 171-186. In: B.R. Melteff (ed.). Proceedings of the International Rockfish Symposium. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Sea Grant Report No. 87-2, Fairbanks, Alaska.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F.C., and B.E. Bracken 1983. Growth of sablefish in southeastern Alaska, p. 51-58. In: B.R. Melteff (ed.). Proceedings of the International Sablefish Symposium, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Sea Grant Report 83-8, Fairbanks, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/afrbIL.223.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Commercial Fishery Management Challenges

Managing for Sustainable Fisheries: Optimal Harvest Policy Research

• Kruse, GH., L.C. Byrne, F.C. Funk, S.C. Matulich, and J. Zheng. 2000. Analysis of minimum size limit for the red king crab fishery in Bristol Bay, Alaska. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20: 307-319. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279612623_Analysis_of_Minimum_Size_Limit_for_the_Red_King_Crab_Fishery_in_Bristol_Bay_Alaska     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. and K. A. Rowell. 1996. Population model suggests new threshold for managing Alaska’s Togiak fishery for Pacific herring in Bristol Bay. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 2(2):125-136. https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/AFRB.02.2.125-136.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Zheng, J., Funk, F. C., Kruse, G. H., and Fagen, R. 1993. Evaluation of threshold management strategies for Pacific herring in Alaska. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on ManagementStrategies for Exploited Fish Populations, pp. 141–165. AlaskaSea Grant Report 93-02. University of Alaska, Fairbanks. https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-93-02.html     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. 1991. Harvest policy implications of yield per recruit models for Pacific herring in Alaska. P. 453-462 in: Proceedings of the International Herring Symposium, Alaska Sea Grant Report AK-SG-91-01, Fairbanks, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/CFPP.032.Funk.1990.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F.C. 1983. Optimization of Alaska troll fishery chinook salmon yield: a model of the effects of size limits, gear restrictions, and time‑area closures. Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Dept. Fish and Game Informational Leaflet 217, 101 pp. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/afrbil.217.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Frederick C. 1982. Optimization of yield of chinook salmon in the Alaska troll fishery: A model for evaluation of the effects of size limits, gear requirements and time-area closures. Washington Sea Grant Report: WASHU-X-82-004. https://eos.ucs.uri.edu/seagrant_Linked_Documents/washu/washux82004.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Abundance Estimation: Stock Assessment Model Development

• Hulson, P-J. F., Miller, S. E., Quinn, T. J. II, Marty, G. D., Moffitt, S. D., and Funk, F. 2008. Data conflicts in fishery models: incorporating hydroacoustic data into the Prince William Sound Pacific herring assessment model. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 25– 43. https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/65/1/25/611634     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz, and S. McPherson. 1997. Comparison of Age-Structured Assessment and Sibling Regression Abundance Forecasts for some Alaska Coastal Chinook Salmon Stocks: Implications for Coastwide Chinook Fisheries Management. In C. Steward and D. MacDonald eds: Towards sustainable fisheries: Balancing conservation and use of salmon and steelhead in the Pacific northwest.Conference Program and Abstracts, April 26-30, 1996, Victoria, British Columbia.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F., L.K. Brannian, and K.A. Rowell. 1992. Age­-structured assessment of the Togiak herring stock, 1978-­1992, and preliminary forecast of abundance for 1993. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries. Regional Information Report 5J92-­11. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.1992.11.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F.C., and G.J. Sandone. 1990. Catch-age analysis of Prince William Sound, Alaska, herring, 1973-1988. Fishery Research Bulletin 90-01, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FRB.1990.01.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. C., and G. J. Sandone. 1989. Catch-age analysis of the Prince William Sound, Alaska, herring stock 1973-1988. Pages 82-89 [In] M. F. O’Toole, editor. Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Coast herring workshop. State of Washington, Department of Fisheries, Progress Report 279, Olympia. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/CFPP.013.Funk.1989.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Advances in abundance estimation survey technology: Remote Sensing and other applications

• Fishery Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technologies. Symposium Session, American Fisheries Society 128th Annual Meeting, Hartford, Connecticut, August 23-37, 1998.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz and Gary A. Borstad. 1998. Using an Airborne Imaging Spectrometer to Detect and Assess Inshore Schools of Pre-Spawning Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi). Presentation at: Fishery Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technologies, Symposium Session, American Fisheries Society 128th Annual Meeting, Hartford, Connecticut, August 23-37, 1998.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F., G.A. Borstad, and S.A. Akenhead. 1995. Imaging spectrometer detects and measures the surface area of Pacific herring schools in the Bering Sea. Pp 833-843 in: Proceedings of the third thematic conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments, 18-20 Sept. 1995, Seattle, Vol. II. Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/CFPP.117.Funk.2000.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Biggs, E.D., and F. Funk. 1988. Pacific herring spawning ground surveys for Prince William Sound, 1988, with historic overview. Regional Information Report 2C88-07. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.2C.1988.07.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Using Technology to Track Spatial Patterns of Fishing

• Friedman, K.S., C. Wackerman, Fritz Funk, M. Schwenzfeier, William Gregory Pichel, P. Colon-Clemente, Xiaofeng Li. 2003. Analyzing the dependence between RADARSAT-1 vessel detection and vessel heading using CFAR algorithm for use on fishery management https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4065887_Analyzing_the_dependence_between_RADARSAT-1_vessel_detection_and_vessel_heading_using_CFAR_algorithm_for_use_on_fishery_management     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. C., L.C. Byrne, and W. Pichel. 2001. Satellite Radar applications to Alaskan crab fisheries. Presented at Crab2001: Crabs in Cold Water Regions. 19th Lowell Wakefield Symposium, Alaska Sea Grant, January 17-20, 2001. https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-02-01.html     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Friedman, K.S., C. Wackerman, Fritz Funk, William Gregory Pichel, P. Colon-Clemente, Xiaofeng Li. 2001. Validation of a CFAR vessel detection algorithm using known vessel locations https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3932068_Validation_of_a_CFAR_vessel_detection_algorithm_using_known_vessel_locations     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Friedman, K.S., C. Wackerman, Fritz Funk,, K. Rowell, William Gregory Pichel, P. Colon-Clemente, Xiaofeng Li. 2000. Validation of an automatic vessel detection algorithm using SAR data and known vessel fleet distributions https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3856315_Validation_of_an_automatic_vessel_detection_algorithm_using_SAR_data_and_known_vessel_fleet_distributions     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• W.G. Pichel et al. The Alaska SAR Demonstration: RADARSAT-1 experience and ENVISAT plans https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228804089_The_Alaska_SAR_Demonstration_RADARSAT-1_experience_and_ENVISAT_plans     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications to Alaska Fisheries 1999. (see otherspecies.zip, crab, herring     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Clemente-Colón, P., W. Pichel, G. Hufford, F. Funk and K. Rowell 1995. Potential Application of ERS-1 SAR Data to Fisheries Management in Alaska. In Proceedings of IGARSS '95, Florence, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Florence, Italy, July 10-14, 1995.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Southeast Alaska Troll Logbook Program: Fleet Distribution and Catch Reports. Alaska Sea Grant Report.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Local and Traditional Knowledge: Lengthening Fishery Data Series Through Deep Historical and Anthropological Research

• Thornton, Thomas F.; Moss, Madonna L.; Butler, Virginia L.; Hebert, Jamie; and Funk, Fritz. 2010. "Local and Traditional Knowledge and the Historical Ecologyof Pacific Herring in Alaska."Journal of Ecological Anthropology 14, no. 1 (2010): 81-88. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jea/vol14/iss1/7     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Thornton, T.F., V.L. Butler, F. Funk, M.L. Moss, J. Hebert, J.T. Elder, R. Craig, S. Hamada, and A. Adela Maciejewski Scheer. 2010. Herring synthesis: Documenting and modeling herring spawning areas within socioecological systems over time in the Southeastern Gulf of Alaska. Final Report, North Pacific Research Board Project No. 728. Portland, OR. Portland State University. https://uas.alaska.edu/research/herringsynthesis/final_docs/HerringSynthesisFINAL102710.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz, and Phil Rigby. 2002. Alaska's first commercial fishery: Pacific cod, 1863-1950. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338196955_Alaska's_first_commercial_fishery_Pacific_cod_1863-1950     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 2002. Persistent Spatial Patterns of Fishing Effort in the Historical Dory Fishery for Pacific Cod: Implications for Spawning. Presented at: "Spawning Processes in Pacific Cod", March 18-19, 2002, Anchorage, Alaska. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338196850_Persistent_Spatial_Patterns_of_Fishing_Effort_in_the_Historical_Dory_Fishery_for_Pacific_Cod_Implications_for_Spawning_Presented_at_Spawning_Processes_in_Pacific_Cod_March_18-19_2002_Anchorage_Alaska     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 1992. Herring Bait Fisheries in Alaska. Regional Information Report 5J92-03. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/RIR.5J.1992.03.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Climate effects on fisheries

• Schweigert, J., Funk, F., Oda, K., Moore, T., 2002. Herring size-at-age variation in the North Pacific. In PICES-GLOBEC International Program on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity, Scientific Report No. 20, pp. 47–57. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267204929_Herring_size-at-age_variation_in_the_North_Pacific/citations     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Linkages Between Climate and Ocean Processes and Pacific Herring Growth and Recruitment 1999 Salmon Workshop?     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Non-Target Bycatch in Commercial Fisheries

• Funk, Fritz. 2008. Habitat conservation planning for Alaska coastal species: Short-tailed albatross deterrent measures, seabird incidence observations, and observer program enhancements. Final Report, Federal Aid Project E-5-HP. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 2008. Potential interactions between commercial fishing vessels and Steller's and spectacled eiders in Alaska. Final Report Federal Aid Project E-5-HP. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska.     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 2003. Overview of State-Managed Marine Fisheries in Southwestern Alaska with reference to the southwest stock of sea otters. Regional Information Report 5J03-02. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.2003.02.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Kruse, G.H, F. Funk, H.J. Geiger, K.R. Mabry, H.M. Savikko, and S.M. Siddeek. 2000. Overview of state-managed marine fisheries in the central and western gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Southeastern Bering Sea, with reference to Steller sea lions. Regional Information Report 5J00-10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.2000.10.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F., L. Watson, and R. Berning. 1990. Revised estimates of the bycatch of herring in 1989 Bering Sea trawl fisheries. Regional Information Report 5J90-01. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1990.01.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. 1990. User’s guide to the Bering Sea bycatch simulation model. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries unpublished report, Juneau     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Books: Edited, Peer-Reviewed Symposium Proceedings Books

• Funk, F., Blackburn,J., Hay, D., Paul, A.J., Stepenson, R., Toresen, R., Witherell, D.(Eds.). 2000. Herring: Expectations for a New Millennium, AK-SG-01-04. University of Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks. https://eos.ucs.uri.edu/seagrant_Linked_Documents/aku/akuw00001/akuw00001.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• F. Funk, T.J. Quinn II, J. Heifetz, J.N. Ianelli, J.E. Powers, J.F. Schweigert, P.J. Sullivan, and C.-I. Zhang. 1998. Fishery Stock Assessment Models. Proceedings of the 1997 Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium "Fishery Stock Assessment Models for the 21st Century: Combining Multiple Information Sources", Anchorage, Alaska. Alaska Sea Grant Publication #AKU-W-97-002. https://eos.ucs.uri.edu/seagrant_Linked_Documents/aku/akuw97002/akuw97002_full.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Fishery Overviews and Stock Status Reports

Commercial Fishery Overviews

• Woodby, D., D. Carlile, S. Siddeek, F. Funk, J.H. Clark, and L Hulbert. 2005. Commercial Fisheries of Alaska. Special Publication 05-09, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/sp05-09.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Gordon Kruse, Jeffrey P. Barnhart, Gregg E. Rosenkranz, Fritz Funk, Douglas Pengilly. 2000. History and Development of the Scallop Fishery in Alaska. In Alaska Department of Fish and Game and University of Alaska Fairbanks. A workshop examining potential fishing effects on population dynamics and benthic community structure of scallops with emphasis on the weathervane scallop Patinopecten caurinus in Alaskan waters. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Special Publication 14, Juneau. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237452031_History_and_Development_of_the_Scallop_Fishery_in_Alaska     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz 2000. Herring Abundance and historical trends of herring in Alaskan Waters. Presentation to Main Session, PICES 9th Annual Meeting, October 20-28, 2000, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Rigby, Philip W, David R Ackley, Fritz Funk Harold Geiger, Gordon Kruse, and Margaret C Murphy. 1995. Management of Marine Fisheries Resources of Alaska: A Report to the Northern Forum. Regional Information Report 5J95-04. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1995.04.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, F. 1992. Alaska’s herring: it’s fished in tons. Alaska’s Wildlife 24(2):31. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/CFPP.051.Funk.1992.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Fishery Stock Status Reports

• Hay, D.E., Toresen, R., Stephenson, R., Thompson, M., Claytor, R., Funk, F., Ivshina, E., Jakobsson, J., Kobayashi, T., McQuinn, I., Melvin, G., Molloy, J., Naumenko, N., Oda, K.T., Parmanne, R. Power, M., Radchenko, V., Schweigert, J., Simmonds, J., Sjostrand, B., Stevenson, D.K., Tanasichuk, R., Tang, Q., Watters, D.L., Wheeler, J., 2001. Taking stock: an inventory and review of world herring stocks in 2000. In: Funk, F., Blackburn,J., Hay, D., Paul, A.J., Stepenson, R., Toresen, R., Witherell, D.(Eds.), Herring: Expectations for a New Millennium, AK-SG-01-04. University of Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks, pp.381-454. https://eos.ucs.uri.edu/seagrant_Linked_Documents/aku/akuw00001/akuw00001.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 1995. Preliminary forecasts of catch and stock abundance for 1994 Alaska Herring Fisheries.Regional Information Report 5J95-13. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1995.13.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 1994. Forecast of the Pacific herring biomass in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1993. Regional Information Report 5J94-04. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/RIR.5J.1994.04.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Yuen, H, L. Brannian, and F. Funk. 1994. Forecast of the Kamishak Herring Stock in 1994. Regional Information Report 2A94-12. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/RIR.2A.1994.12.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Brannian, L, K Rowell, and F. Funk. 1993. Forecast of the Pacific herring biomass in Togiak district, Bristol Bay, 1993. Regional Information Report 2A93-42. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/RIR.2A.1993.42.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz, 1993. Preliminary forecasts of catch and stock abundance for 1993 Alaska Herring Fisheries. Regional Information Report 5J93-06. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.1993.06.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz and Herman Savikko. 1990. Preliminary forecasts of catch and stock abundance for 1990 Alaska Herring Fisheries. Regional Information Report 5J90-02 http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.1990.02.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz. 1988. Status of Bristol Bay Herring Stocks in 1988. Regional Information Report 5J88-02. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/fedaidpdfs/RIR.5J.1988.02.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .
• Funk, Fritz, and B.E. Bracken. 1984. Status of the Gulf of Alaska sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) resource in 1983. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Informational Leaflet No. 235. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/afrbIL.235.pdf     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

Miscellaneous Marine Biology

• Miller, B.S., C.A. Simenstad, L.L. Moulton, K.L. Fresh, F.C. Funk, W.A. Karp, and S.F. Borton. 1977. Puget Sound Baseline Program Nearshore Fish Survey. FRI-UW-7710. Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington College of Fisheries, Seattle, WA. 236 pp. https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/3859/7710.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y     (Local cached copy).     ¹ .

¹ Link to ResearchGate.net